Questions 1–5.

Questions 6–10. Select the TWO correct answer choices.

Questions 11–15 are based on the passage below.

For decades, many teachers tailored their lessons to students' supposed "learning styles", presenting material visually for visual learners and through speech for auditory learners. The idea is intuitively appealing, and surveys show that a large majority of teachers believe in it. Yet when researchers have tested the theory properly — by teaching students in their preferred style and in another style and comparing the results — they have found little or no benefit from matching instruction to preference.

Researchers do not deny that people have preferences, or that some content is best taught in a particular way: geography benefits from maps, and music from listening. The problem, they argue, lies in the claim that matching teaching to each student's preferred style improves learning. Time spent diagnosing styles, they suggest, might be better spent on techniques with strong evidence, such as spaced practice and frequent low-stakes quizzes.

Questions 16–20 are based on the passage below.

In many countries, a growing number of children attend private tutoring after school, a practice sometimes called "shadow education" because it mirrors the mainstream curriculum. In Bangladesh, as in much of South and East Asia, coaching centres have become a familiar feature of urban life. Families often see tutoring as essential preparation for high-stakes examinations that determine access to prestigious schools and universities.

Researchers have raised several concerns. Because tutoring is costly, it may widen gaps between wealthy and poorer families. In some systems, teachers have been accused of covering less material in class in order to encourage students to pay for private lessons. On the other hand, tutoring can provide individual attention that crowded classrooms cannot, and some governments have responded not by banning it but by regulating fees and improving the quality of mainstream schooling.